home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Steering Systems
-
- The steering system
- is composed of four
- parts. The first
- part is the
- steering wheel and
- column. The second
- part is the gearbox
- and pitman arm, or
- a rack and pinion
- assembly. The
- third piece is made
- up of the linkages,
- steering knuckles,
- and ball joints.
- The last part is
- the wheel spindle
- assemblies.
-
- Several different
- manual steering
- gears are currently
- in use. The "rack
- and pinion" type is
- very common. The
- "recirculating
- ball" type, in
- which the balls act
- as a rolling thread
- between the worm
- shaft and the ball
- nut, is a past
- favorite. A manual
- steering gear once
- popular in imported
- cars is the "worm
- and sector" type.
- Other manual gears
- are the "worm and
- tapered pin
- steering gear" and
- the "worm and
- roller steering
- gear."
-
- In pitman arm
- steering systems,
- movement inside the
- steering box causes
- the pitman shaft
- and arm to rotate.
- This moves the
- relay rod, which in
- turn moves the tie
- rods.
-
- Power steering
- systems also have
- the following
- pieces: a hydraulic
- pump, fluid
- reservoir, hoses,
- lines, with either
- a power assist unit
- mounted on, or
- built into, a power
- steering gear
- assembly.
-
- The steering column
- presents a danger
- to the driver in an
- accident. Many
- energy absorbing
- and impact
- minimizing designs
- have been developed
- to minimize this
- danger. However,
- these designs are
- not completely
- effective.
-
- Energy absorbing
- columns work in two
- ways. First, they
- stop the steering
- wheel and column
- from being pushed
- backward into the
- driver if the front
- of the car is
- crushed in an
- impact. It was
- once common in
- accidents for the
- driver to be
- impaled by the
- steering column.
- The energy
- absorbing column
- also gives way
- under the impact of
- the driver striking
- the steering wheel.
-
- The system should
- be designed to
- strike the driver's
- chest and not slide
- up into the neck
- and face, or down
- into the abdomen.
-
- -end-
-
-